Eno on Technology and Politics

A friend went to a recent event "Resistance is Existence" and told me all about it. She shared a clip with me of Brian Eno talking about how the counterculture got swept up in optimism about technology - and forgot politics. Eno reminisced about attending the International Poetry Incarnation at the Albert Hall in June 1965 when "The Underground" coalesced. He compared it to the Gorton and Denton win for the Green Party candidate Hannah Spencer. As he described it both were moments when there was a feeling that "the freaks" came out from under their rocks and were surprised by their strength.

When did Brian Eno become so political? The last time I saw him was in the street at the first peaceful XR event which I went to - another political moment. I suppose the answer has to do with his assertion that the counterculture got swept up in techno-optimism. The bellweather of that must be the Mondo 2000 magazine. Its editor R.U Sirius is especially significant to me for penning the book "Counterculture through the Ages" [2004].

Eno was a card-carrying Techno-optimist. It affected many lesser mortals like me too. For my part, even though I placed my first vote for the Green Party in 1987, I was NEVER especially political. I've been doggedly centrist (I'm perfectly happy with Keir Starmer in truth...) and for a while, goaded, even a little bit right-leaning. But that Techno utopianism still had a huge impact on my thinking. That's why we played Detroit Techno and Chicago House music in West Africa. And ultimately why I blogged so intensely in 2003 and set up the forum in 2004.

When did everything change? It became obvious very quickly with the ascendancy of Facebook in 2005 and Twitter in 2007 - twenty years ago now - that - oops - Technology was not the answer. I was never comfortable on any of the social media platforms - they felt like like strip malls. Presumably Eno came to a similar conclusion? And perhaps that's when he started to become more political?

There is, however, an elephant in the room. And I'm not surprised Eno doesn't mention it - because it cuts against his own cultural contribution. As much as Technology betrayed "the revolution" (ha!) - the biggest betrayal of that countercultural impulse was the music scene. The cut-off with music, when it was evident that the rhetoric was empty and the potential for transformation it hinted at was illusory, was 1996. That's when all the cultural heat went out of dance music, and it became entertainment. Indeed, with Ambient music, Eno was guilty of shaving the scruffy whiskers off Minimalism, and defusing its radical potential.

Unlike Eno, as much as I respect The Green Party (I'm a member), I have little faith in politics. Sure, the signalling is fine, it's OK, but what I understood from researching "Retreat" and "The Garden" was that what really matters is one's own actions - however insignificant they might feel.

AI Music

AI in image-making, video production, and animation has turned my world upside down. Consequently I have given the matter a lot of thought in that context. However, it's only dimly entered my consciousness that AI in music is also a thing.

My reflex reaction to AI in music is why would anyone want to listen to it? This is more-or-less Rick Rubin's useful hot-take, "What I will say is... What I find interesting about art is the point-of-view of the person making it. And I don't know that AI has a point of view of its own. So I don't know how interesting it would be..." Elsewhere Rubin says completely the opposite so it's not clear to me he has his head together on the topic.

And certainly to be fair to him, once one gives it a little thought, it is a more difficult question. The dilemma which confronted us as a generation when Acid House first broke was, on the face of it, not dissimilar. It's easy to forget that pre-existing music fans thought that Acid House wasn't music. "Turn off that bloody fax machine!" - went the gag in the office. Sample-based music had the same charge leveled at it - Hip-hop wasn't real music because the people couldn't play instruments. And just like AI, Hip-hop was theft! The only difference was that its theft was framed as larceny, re-appropriation, or recycling - all of which were interesting perspectives when viewed against the politics of the Black community.

Although I think my (ahem...) classic sampling LPs "Moanad" and "Chunks" are a cut above any AI music by virtue of their ragged personality, deep musical knowledge, and the sonic ideas I bought to them; I have to admit that if one squints one's ears, they are kinda Proto-AI...

Anyone making a purely musical argument about the merits or otherwise of AI music is wasting their time. Yes, I do cling to the belief that some musics are better than others. That personal judgement of my own has nothing to do with the music's technical virtuosity or the performer's intrinsic musical skill, because some of the most ugly and primitive things touch me. I would claim that those sounds communicated some philosophical truth to me.

However, although it's painful to admit, the music I love has also acquired meaning to me by merit of it belonging to a whole framework of personal memories, associations, its perceived critical worth, through its historical context and that meaning, and its place in the history of ideas. Those beliefs are intrinsic to its musical value and impossible to subtract from my appreciation. But in a listening test would I be able to distinguish between a lost Kraftwerk LP and some artfully reconstructed AI offering purporting to be the same? I'd like to think so of course, but really? And which of the two would I welcome into my music collection? Obviously the authentic one!

The perception of AI music is going to take a little while to settle down. Speaking personally I'm relieved that I'm not going to need to bother with it. I've come to terms with my own mortality, and accordingly my music taste froze a decade ago. I have no need, as I was once compelled, to listen to the latest music.

However, I predict that for AI music to take off artists will need to find some way to personalise their offering, wrest it from large corporate music models like SUNO, perhaps by writing their own software, or training their own algorithm locally on their own material. Then you will have the seed of a situation where an educated audience will give it creedence, and will invest in it emotionally. This is what happened with Detroit Techno most obviously - the output of unusually selected machines (FM synths, Kurzweil keyboards etc) was imbued with a philosophical approach, and a specifically local aesthetic to create a music in which an audience could make a religious investment. This is likely to be happening at the avant-garde cutting edge already - and these will be the AI music auteurs of the future - The Aphex Twins of the coming generation.